Development of Smart Grid Standards in View of Energy System Functionalities

A range of technologies must be developed and deployed for achieving a decarbonised energy system. A smart grid aims to integrate these different technologies into a single, over-arching system that is at the same time both complex and interoperable, which cannot be achieved without standardisation. Moreover, standardisation is a method of transferring research into successful processes and products. Without this, existing conventional energy systems will not change much longer, as it is more difficult to achieve significant market penetration of new technologies and deployment of new functions and applications. It seems that standardisation issues are not sufficiently addressed in scientific publications and are treated as a very specific topic by community of researchers despite the fact that standards may serve as a knowledge base for further research and improvement of emerging technologies and approaches. This paper presents a bird's-eye smart grid standardisation review based on a unique functionality - technology approach developed within Horizon 2020 project PANTERA.acceptedVersio

THE BALTIC POWER SYSTEM BETWEEN EAST AND WEST INTERCONNECTIONS

Due to historical and geographical reasons, the Baltic States are strongly connected to the power (electricity) transmission grids of Russia and Belarus. Current energy security and energy independence targets in the EU trigger seeking for alternative power sources for the Baltic. Knowing that, a power system model of the Baltic States has been developed and validated with the purpose of providing comparative options for a reliable and secure development of the Baltic electricity system. The analysis of horizon 2020 and 2030 showed that the dependency of Baltic States on the outside resources is fairly low, provided that the expansion of the electricity system goes as planned.JRC.F.3-Energy Security, Systems and Marke

Modeling of Large Electrical Power System Development under Energy Market Conditions

Aim of this paper is to incorporate energy market principles in large power system modeling process. The paper describes application of zonal (regional) energy price formation algorithms and interaction of power systems on energy import/export issues. The developed methodology is implemented in LDM-TG (Latvian Dynamic Model – Transmission and Generation) information technology, which was created and is being improved by the Institute of Physical Energetics, Latvia. The information technology provides the opportunity to perform dynamic optimization of system development together with operational state calculations. The authors discuss the possibilities to optimize long-term sustainable development of large electric power systems under energy market conditions

Estimation of Reliability Related Costs and Their Affect on Choosing Substation’s High Voltage Switchgear Scheme

Calculations of reliability level for some typical HV switchgear schemes is performed in the paper. Calculations of reliability parameters were performed taking into account unscheduled faults of elements of switchgears and also scheduled maintenance works. In the work there are defined substations with typical load (Typical Substations). The definition of typical substations was based on analysis of geographical allocation of loads from different sectors. Methodology for estimation of customer costs of reliability, based on share of load sectors and subsectors in electrical energy consumption, is proposed in the paper with the aim to find customer non-supply costs for substation with high accuracy. Case study included in the paper shows how reliability related costs depend on switchgear scheme type, nominal power of transformers, geographical allocation of substation and shows how to choose optimal HV switchgear scheme for HV/MV substation. It also shows significance of methodology for estimation of customer non-supply costs proposed in the paper

Flexibility Assessment Through Local Energy Consumer

The paper describes modelling experience in flexibility assessment for local energy consumer. Energy Management System strategies were carried out in order to facilitate pricebased demand response for future implementation as consumer flexibility tool. The case studies were tested with the aim of providing and identifying the load flexibility potential through elaborated scenarios and innovative technology implementation at distribution level. The results of the study were summarized and analysed in the paper

Estimation of Power Supply Interruption Related Costs. Methodology, Survey Questionnaire and Received Data Normalization

This paper deals with problems related to determination of customer costs of reliability – the total amount of costs related with power supply interruptions (loss of production, overtime costs to personnel (stuff), etc.) and expenses related with activities for diminishing negative effect of power supply interruptions (UPS devices, generators, additional insurance, etc.). The paper gives description of different cost estimation methods based on review and analysis of proposals for customer cost estimation and customer cost estimation surveys from different countries. On the basis of analysis of different customer cost estimation surveys and questionnaires, there is proposed new design of questionnaire for surveys with the aim to use it for performing customer cost evaluation study in the frames of “Government action plan” of Latvian government for year 2012. Problem of survey data normalization is discussed and proposal of appropriate normalisation factors, from authors` point of view, is given. Results of the work presented in the paper could be used when: • trying to get knowledge of customer valuation of reliability; • developing financial incentives for performance-based regulation of utilities (system operators); • developing guaranteed reliability standards; • etc

Optimal Reliability Level Estimation for Distribution Network Considering Different Types of Load

This work gives methodology for Total Costs of Reliability (TCR) calculation taking into account both customer and utility reliability costs. Previously mentioned methodology of TCR calculations includes new approach for finding electrical power interruption costs depending on the share of customers in electricity consumption and their geographical allocation. As a result of analysis of sectors of customers, substations with typical load or Typical Substations are defined. Definition of such substations is simplifying considering of different types of load that are located in different regions of country. The work shows that the new approach allows one to estimate non-supply costs for customers more precisely comparing with situation when average non-supply costs are used. Taking into account reliability improvement costs and the share of customers in electricity consumption combined with costs of electrical energy not supplied, TRC calculation methodology allows to find optimal reliability costs with high accuracy and in such way defines optimal reliability level that in its turn increase society benefits

Estimation of Outage Probability of Schemes of Switchgears for 110kV Substations

The paper gives overview of methodology for calculations of reliability and outage probability of switchgears. The parameters of reliability for some types of 110kV substations` switchgears are calculated at the work. There are also compared switchgear schemes with different types of isolation – Air Insulated Switchgears (called AIS) and Gas Insulated Switchgears (called GIS). The calculations approved that two-busbar switchgear has higher reliability comparing to other schemes of switchgears. Calculations performed in the paper can help in making decision about usage of particular switchgear for each specific substation

SmartGen Report 1A. Part A, Part B, Part C

Atskaite par projekta "Efficient identification of opportunities for Distributed Generation based on Smart Grid Technology. SmartGen" Latvijas partnera pirmā gada darba rezultātiem. Projekta atskaite sastāv no 3 daļām: 1) SmartGen Report 1A, Part A Overview (8 lpp.); 2) SmartGen Report 1A, Part B Case studies (24 lpp.); 3) SmartGen Report 1A, Part C SGT-models (13 lpp.)

Substation's Switchgear's Reliability Evaluation as a Part of Transmission, Distribution and Generation Modeling Software

The paper gives the main idea of substation’s switchgear’s reliability evaluation module as a part of software that was developed in Riga Technical University in frames of project “Information technol-ogy to ensure the sustainability of generation and trans-mission grid”. The module allows easily evaluate switchgear’s up-state’s probability and interruption time for large amount of different types of switchgears by switchgear’s bay’s faults and elements standardiza-tion. Also it is possible to evaluate energy not supplied and costs related to energy not supplied due to switch-gear’s fault